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Diabetes mellitus is a category of hyperglycaemic metabolic disorders. It is linked with the failure of the synthesis of sugars, fat, and proteins, contributing to medical complications like thinning, macro-vascular, and neuropathic disorders. This study was planned to assess the self-care practices among type 2 diabetes patients at the tertiary care hospital of Wardha city. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care rural hospital in Wardha city. Sampling was done by convenient sampling method, and 105 participants were included in this study. Data was collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. ResultsMale were 62 (59.00 %) and females were 43 (41.00 %). Majority was more than 60 years of age (64.70 %). Participants had followed satisfactory self-care practices on diet. Most (61.53 %) of the participants who followed satisfactory self-care practice on exercise, were in the age group of 30 - 60 years. Significant association (p - 0.005) was observed between socio-economic status and self-care practice with regard to foot care. ConclusionsThis study shows that practices of self-care practices related to diabetic Mellitus in patients were relatively good but health functionaries working in the periphery should conduct regular information education and communication activities for better adoption of all the self-care activities of diabetes for all the seven days in a week for the reduction of diabetic complications.
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Background: The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is expected to rise to 9.9% by 2045 and with this rising prevalence raises the need for good self-care practices by patients themselves, which play a key role in effective management and prevention of complications.Methods: Present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by interviewing them using a structured questionnaire assessing their self-care practices using summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA) scale. Different domains were diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, medication compliance, foot care and smoking and responses were graded according to number of days in previous week a particular self-care activity of a domain was followed. Data analysis was done with help of SPSS version 21.Results: Mean age of diabetic patients in this study subjects was 54.37±13.24 years. 43.45% respondents have poor self-care practice scores. Bivariate analysis showed that self-care practices were significantly poorer among the diabetic patients less than 60 years of age, residing in rural area, either illiterate or studied till primary/intermediate, had diabetes for less than a year and were taking treatment from public health facilities. Poor self-care practices were insignificantly related with gender, marital status, occupation, monthly family income, type of family, food habits, hypertension as comorbidity, family history, BMI and mode of diagnosis. Multivariate analysis indicates that age, education and duration of diabetes are significant predictors for self-care practices.Conclusions: Self-care practices among diabetic patients were poor among 43.45% patients and there is a need for improving them across all assessed domains.
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Background: Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose and is recognized as an important cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Self-care practice in diabetes patient is a critical factor to achieve glycaemic control thus in preventing or delaying its complications.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 140 type 2 diabetic patients attending the outpatient department in Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi during the period of June-July 2018. Diabetic patients diagnosed more than 3 months were included. Data was collected by interview method using pre-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire which consists of information on socio-demographic data, diabetic profile, self-care practices and dietary barriers. Statistical analysis was done using SSPS package.Results: This study showed that 67.9% of study participants were consuming diabetic diet, 17.1% practice exercise for more than 3 days a week, 93.6% were taking medication regularly, 15% practised foot care for >3times a week and 89.3% monitored their blood glucose regularly. The main barriers for dietary practices were lack of knowledge (24%) and lack of motivation (18%). Compliance to diabetic diet was more among the urban population compared to rural (p=0.025).Conclusions: Study concludes that the practice of self-care activities was poor in almost all aspects except for blood sugar monitoring and adherence to medication which necessitates the need to create awareness regarding self-care practices and its importance among diabetic patients.
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Resumen Objectivo: Determinar la relación entre las variables demográficas y las prácticas de autocuidado del adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional realizado en consultorios del Hospital Tomás La Fora Guadalupe (La Libertad, Perú), con 100 adultos mayores de 60 años y más, quienes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio. Se midieron las variables demográficas y se utilizó la encuesta de prácticas de autocuidado del adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Recolectada la información, se hizo un análisis bivariado para determinar la relación entre las variables demográficas y el nivel de prácticas de autocuidado, utilizando como herramienta estadística la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de población se ubicó entre 66-70 años de edad (37 %), mujeres el 55 %; el mayor grado de instrucción fue primaria con 71 %; el mayor tiempo de enfermedad fue de 5 años y más y el 55 % tuvo un nivel de autocuidado bueno. Existe relación significativa entre el grado de instrucción (X2 = 29.118 Valor p= 0.000) y tiempo de enfermedad (X2 =21.596 Valor p= 0.000) con el nivel de prácticas de autocuidado y no hay significancia entre edad y sexo. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores presentaron buena práctica de autocuidado, pero no lo suficiente para garantizar un buen manejo de su enfermedad, de ahí que para enfermería se convierte en un reto potenciar las capacidades para empoderarlos y ser agentes de su propio cuidado, considerando sobre todo el grado de instrucción y el tiempo de enfermedad.
Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between demographic variables and self-care practices of the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: quantitative, descriptive, correlational study carried out in the offices of Tomas La Fora Guadalupe Hospital (La Libertad, Peru), with 100 adults older than 60 years and older, who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. The demographic variables were measured and the survey of self-care practices of the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus was used. Once the information was collected, a bivariate analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the demographic variables and the level of self-care practices; using the chi square test as a statistical tool. Results: The highest percentage of the population was between 66-70 years of age (37 %), women 55 %, the highest level of education was primary with 71 %, the longest time of illness was 5 years and more and 55 % had a good level of self-care. There is a significant relationship between the level of instruction (X2 = 29.118 Value p = 0.000) and time of illness (X2 = 21.596 Value p = 0.000) with the level of self-care practices and there is no significance between age and sex. Conclusions: Older adults presented a good practice of self-care, but not enough to guarantee good management of their disease. Therefore, for nursing it becomes a challenge to strengthen the capacities to empower them and be agents of their own care considering above all the degree of instruction and sick time.
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Demographic transition combined with urbanization and industrialization has resulted in drastic changes in lifestyles of all people but its harmful impact is more in developing countries because of their rapid pace of growth in last few decades. According to the recent World Health Organization report, India has around 32 million diabetic patients and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million by the year 2030. Our Aim of the study was to assess the impact of community based DPE on glycaemic control, life style and self care practices among type 2 diabetic patients. This community based interventional study done among 272 type 2 diabetic patients who were selected from slum area. All patients were given Community diabetic patient education (DPE) over a period of one year. Following DPE the life style parameters and self care practices have improved which is statistically significant (p value <0.05). Both fasting and postprandial blood sugar level, blood pressure & BMI had been significantly improved (p value < 0.001).
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No intuito de examinar o desenvolvimento dos paradigmas antropológicos e seu diálogo com a medicina, a discussão está organizada segundo dois eixos gerais, porém não exclusivos: o que enfoca a saúde e a doença como experiência e construção sociocultural, e o que examina a saúde a partir de uma perspectiva interacional e política. No primeiro eixo, privilegio as teorias estadunidenses e francesas que encontram reflexo no diálogo antropológico no Brasil. Para o último eixo, o da política, a discussão parte do diálogo entre antropólogos na América Latina que vêm desenvolvendo modelos para contribuir com a interdisciplinaridade necessária para as políticas e a intervenção na saúde. Os conceitos de práticas de autoatenção, intermedicalidade, entre outros, são explorados por causa de sua contribuição na antropologia para as políticas públicas em saúde. Estes antropólogos vêm argumentando que as práticas de saúde precisam ser entendidas através das noções de autonomia, coletividade, agência e práxis, em oposição à perspectiva biomédica caracterizada como universalista, biologista, individualista e a-histórica.
In order to examine the development of anthropological paradigms and their dialogue with medicine, I divide the discussion into two general, but non-exclusive, approaches: one that focuses on health and disease as social and cultural experience and construction, and another that examines health from an interactional and political perspective. For the first approach, I focus on North American and French theories that find resonance in the anthropological dialogue in Brazil. For the second political approach, the discussion originates in the dialogue among anthropologists in Latin America who have been developing models to contribute to an interdisciplinary approach necessary for health policies and intervention in health. The concepts of practices in self-care and intermedicality, among others, are explored due to their contribution in anthropology to public policies in health. These anthropologists have argued that health practices should be understood through the notions of autonomy, collectivity, agency and praxis, as opposed to the notions of the biomedical perspective characterized as being universalist, biological, individualist and a-historical.
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Humans , Anthropology , Health , Public Policy , Cultural Characteristics , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
With an alarming increase in the incidence of Diabetes, India isnow being considered as ‘Global Diabetes Capital’. Patient’s knowledge regarding Diabetes andself-care practicesare crucial to the success of any Diabetes Control Programme. Aims: To assess knowledge of Diabetes and self-care practices in chronic Diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study involving 100 diabetic patients. Structured pre-tested questionnaires were employed. Responses that differed amongstvarious categories (gender, education and duration of Diabetes) were analysed using appropriate statistical test.Results: 58% were aware that diabetes can affect eyes, 54% aware about renal complications of DM and 44% knew that DM is a cardiovascular risk factor. 44 % knew that annual eye examinations were essential for early diagnosis and treatment. Only 14 % were aware of annual urine-protein check and only 30% got their lipids checked annually. 67% had regular BP checks and 28% did regular foot check.40% knew their target sugar levels. Only 5% were aware of Hba1C test. 84% patient knew about hypoglycaemiaandits treatment. 47% thought that DM is curable.An educational level of middle school or higher and duration of DM longer than 5years was associated with higher score.Conclusion: There remains largely inadequate knowledge about Diabetes, its complications and importance of annualscreening for complications. The importance of better glycaemic control and regular screening for complication should thus be emphasized by comprehensive education and awareness which will no doubt help in reducing the mortality and morbidity due to DM.